The Science Behind Tummy Time: What Experts Say About Infant Development

Key Points

• Tummy time supports brain development by stimulating the motor cortex, improving hand-eye coordination, and enhancing sensory processing, which helps babies build strong neural connections.
• The physical benefits of tummy time include strengthening neck, shoulder, and core muscles, preparing babies for major motor milestones like rolling, crawling, and sitting.
• Regular tummy time helps prevent flat head syndrome (positional plagiocephaly), with pediatric experts like the AAP and NICHD recommending at least 30 minutes daily by 3–4 months of age.
• Beyond physical growth, tummy time promotes cognitive development by encouraging exploration, problem-solving, and curiosity from new perspectives.
• Pediatric guidelines suggest starting with short tummy time sessions for newborns and gradually increasing to 30+ minutes a day by 3–4 months, making consistency key to success.

Tummy time is more than just a recommendation—it is a science-backed practice that plays a crucial role in an infant's physical and cognitive development. Research has shown that tummy time helps strengthen muscles, prevent developmental delays, and even influence brain growth. In this article, we’ll explore the scientific benefits of tummy time, linking to reputable sources and expert opinions to explain why this activity is so important.

For a complete guide on tummy time, check out the other articles in our series:

• The Ultimate Guide to Tummy Time: What It Is, Why It Matters, and How to Start

• Tummy Time by Age: How to Adapt for Each Developmental Stage

• Common Tummy Time Challenges and How to Overcome Them

• Tummy Time Activities and Tools to Keep Your Baby Engaged

The Neuroscience of Tummy Time 

Tummy time supports early brain development by promoting sensory experiences that enhance neural connections. According to studies on infant motor development, engaging in tummy time regularly helps babies develop spatial awareness, coordination, and early problem-solving skills.

• Motor Cortex Activation – Studies show that tummy time stimulates the motor cortex, the brain area responsible for voluntary movements.

• Hand-Eye Coordination Development – Encouraging babies to reach for objects during tummy time strengthens neural pathways related to visual tracking and depth perception.

Physical Benefits: Strengthening Muscles for Mobility 

Tummy time is a foundation for major motor milestones, helping babies develop strength in their:

• Neck and Shoulder Muscles – Essential for lifting the head, rolling, and crawling.

• Core Muscles – Prepares the body for sitting and standing.

• Arms and Hands – Encourages fine motor skills and grasping abilities.

Research from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) confirms that babies who engage in tummy time regularly have better postural control and reduced risk of motor delays.

(Source: AAP Tummy Time Guidelines)

Tummy Time and Head Shape: Preventing Flat Head Syndrome 

One of the most well-documented benefits of tummy time is its role in preventing positional plagiocephaly (flat head syndrome). Babies who spend excessive time lying on their backs without tummy time may develop a flattening of the skull.

• The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) recommends tummy time as a key prevention strategy.

• Pediatricians encourage at least 30 minutes of tummy time daily by the time a baby reaches 3–4 months old.

Tummy Time and Cognitive Development

While tummy time is known for physical benefits, it also plays a role in cognitive growth:

• Encourages Exploration – Babies engage with their surroundings from a new angle, stimulating curiosity.

• Improves Problem-Solving Skills – Moving and adjusting positions during tummy time helps babies develop early problem-solving abilities.

• Enhances Sensory Processing – Different textures, movements, and perspectives help babies integrate sensory input.

How Much Tummy Time Do Experts Recommend? 

The AAP, WHO, and pediatric experts provide general guidelines on tummy time duration:

• Newborns: Start with a few minutes per session, several times a day.

• By 2 Months: Aim for 15–20 minutes per day.

• By 3–4 Months: Work up to 30+ minutes daily, split into shorter sessions.

• By 6 Months: Integrate tummy time into active play throughout the day.

What If My Baby Hates Tummy Time? 

If your baby resists tummy time, try these adjustments:

• Start with Short Sessions – 1–2 minutes at a time and gradually increase.

• Use Props & Play – Mirrors, textured mats, and tummy time pillows can make the experience more engaging.

• Try Different Positions – Chest-to-chest, lap tummy time, or using a nursing pillow can provide comfort and support.

• Be Consistent – Even brief tummy time sessions throughout the day can make a big difference.

Quick-Reference Summary: Why Tummy Time Matters

• Builds Strength – Prepares baby for rolling, crawling, and sitting.

• Brain Development – Stimulates motor coordination and sensory processing.

• Prevents Flat Head Syndrome – Reduces pressure on the skull.

• Cognitive Benefits – Encourages problem-solving and exploration.

Scientific research confirms that tummy time is a vital part of infant development, impacting motor skills, brain function, and even cognitive growth. By incorporating tummy time into your baby’s daily routine, you are setting them up for stronger physical and cognitive development.

Would you like to learn more? Check out additional resources on infant motor milestones and tummy time techniques from trusted pediatric organizations like the AAP, WHO, and NICHD.